Biologically Active Additives Research Articles

Bacterial indicators during storage of slaughter products of turkeys of the meat sector of productivity with the use of the prebiotic drug Aktigen

Poultry breeding is one of the economically profitable branches of Ukraine. Poultry meat is in the greatest demand on the market, because it is affordable and dietary, poultry is easy to grow both on the farm and at home. This is one of the types of branches in agriculture, which in a short period of time is able to provide the population with biologically complete and high-quality products. One of the main questions remains: how to produce high-quality products without the use of prohibited antibiotics, which provoked a number of problems in the already imperfect agriculture. The refore, scientists began to look for an alternative that would replace antibiotics, while at the same time increasing the quality of meat and the resistance of poultry to diseases, increasing the increase in live weight. Therefore, farms began to use biologically active additives (BVD), one of them is Aktigen. The purpose of our research was to determine the effect of the complex prebiotic drug Actigen on the level of bacterial indicators during storage of slaughter products of turkeys of the meat sector of productivity. The object of study was turkeys of the BIG-6 breed. The prebiotic Actigen was added to the basic ration (OR) of turkeys in the following doses: from the 1st to the 21st day: 0.4; 0.8 and 1 g/kg feed; from the 22nd to the 42nd day: 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 g/kg feed; from the 42nd to the 120th day: 0.2; 0.4 and 0.7 g/kg feed. Mixing of prebiotics with compound feed was carried out with a feed mixer at the farm for the production of compound feed. The bird had free access to feed and water during the entire fattening period. Research methods. Microscopic, microbiological (MAFAnM content, pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms; bacterioscopy of swabs-imprints from poultry meat by counting the number of microorganisms per 1 average field of vision according to (DSTU DSTU 8381:2015; DSTU 8381:2015; DSTU ISO 6888–2:2003; GOST 7702.2.7–95), DSTU ENISO 6579-1:2017. Variational and statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using computer software packages “Microsoft Exel”, “Maple-12” (Company Maplesoft, 2008) for variational and statistical processing of digital data. Reliability was determined according to the Student's criterion, taking into account the confidence limit: Р ≤ 0.05; Р ≤ 0.01, Р ≤ 0.001. It was established that when feeding the prebiotic Actigen in the following doses: from the 1st to the 21st day: 0.4; 0.8 and 1 g/kg feed; from the 22nd to the 42nd day: 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 g/kg feed; from the 42nd to the 120th day: 0.2; 0.4 and 0.7 g/kg of feed both in the pectoral muscles and in the femoral muscles of broiler turkeys of the control and experimental groups, MAFAnM indicators did not exceed the permissible level during the four-day storage period. During the storage period of thigh muscles, the indicator of total bacterial contamination gradually increased in all groups and on the fourth day reached the level in the experimental group – (1.73 ± 0.05)×103. The MAFAnM indicator of the thigh muscles of birds of the control group was (1.75 ± 0.11)×103 CFU. The insignificant difference between MAFAnM indicators of the control and experimental groups is not reliable. The level of opportunistic microorganisms, in particular, BGKP and Proteus in the muscles of the femoral group is not reliable between the indicators of the control and experimental groups, and does not exceed the permissible levels regulated by the regulatory documents of Ukraine. When examining the slaughter products of broiler turkeys for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, in particular the genus Salmonella, S. aureus, L. Monocytogenes, Pasteurella ceae, Pasteurella spp., Avibacterium paragalinarum, Bordetella spp., Moraxella spp, Trueperella pyogenes, Erysipelotrix spp., Listeria spp. ., Pseudomonasspp., Enterobacreria ceae, Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., yeast and mold were not detected in the muscles and edible offal of broiler turkeys in both control and experimental groups. The prebiotic Actigen used in the diet of broiler turkeys negatively affects the development of the above-mentioned microorganisms both during the life of broiler turkeys and under the conditions of storage of slaughter products during the specified periods. Slaughter products of broiler turkeys, which were fed with the prebiotic “Actigen” in the recommended doses according to indicators of bacterial insemination during the established storage period, can be sold without restrictions.

Encapsulation of biologically active additives and probiotics by spraying

This article discusses the encapsulation of biologically active additives (BAA) and probiotics by spraying method. Today, a large number of BAA are registered in the country, the issue of rational classification of BAA is relevant. In the production of BAA, the use of plants, fungi and BAA that pose a danger to human life and health is not allowed. Currently, the importance of probiotics for enhancing and maintaining human immunity is emphasized.There are many technologies for encapsulating dietary supplements and probiotics: extrusion, spray drying, spray freezing, addition to the matrix, gel encapsulation, encapsulation in a fluidized bed. Based on the literature review, alginate polymer encapsulation technologies are considered.Sodium alginate was selected as the materials for the experiments. A solution of sodium alginate has been prepared. Capsules obtained from 0.5% sodium alginate are soft, with an inhomogeneous surface, not spherical in shape, which is due to the low viscosity of sodium alginate, the average size was 2,0×10-3м.In an experiment with a concentration of a solution of 1% sodium alginate, it was not possible to obtain capsules by spraying due to the high viscosity. The capsules were obtained by the drip method, had a rounded shape, dense structure, the average size was 3,2×10-3м.

Key Trends in the Labor Market of the Biopharmaceutical Industry in Russia

Introduction: Developments in biotechnology are a priority direction in economic development, with pharmaceuticals being the largest consumer of biotechnological products. The biopharmaceutical industry includes the production of antibiotics, immunobiological drugs, hormones and preparations based on them, vitamins, preparations containing cultures of microorganisms, amino acids, biologically active additives (BAA), medical materials, and diagnostic equipment.Purpose: To analyze the labor market trends of the industry in 2021-2022, the attractiveness of the industry for young specialists, and the strategies for attracting relevant specialists to the production process.Realities of the Labor Market in the Biopharmaceutical Industry: Despite the reduction in investments from Western investors, the attractiveness of the labor market in the biopharmaceutical field has significantly increased, which, on the one hand, has led to an increased demand for skilled employees, and on the other hand, has resulted in higher salaries in companies. An increasing number of Russian companies are ready to collaborate with relevant universities.Conclusion: The biotechnological and biopharmaceutical industries are in a stage of active development, the need for highly qualified specialists has increased, and companies are ready to train young employees.

THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY-SAFE POLUMS IN AQUACULTURE

Introduction. In the conditions of anthropogenic pollution of water, environment-safe drugs and implementing of immunomodulatory drugs are becoming increasingly common. Schemes of their use in fisheries are being developed. The article presents and analyzes the potential use of biologically active additives (BAA), namely probiotics, prebiotics and yeasts, both domestically and internationally produced, in terms of their effect on the fish body.
 Materials and methods of research. Search for literature data on the use of biologically active substances in fish farming, namely probiotics, prebiotics and yeast.
 Research results. Considering the negative impact of prophylactic and therapeutic use of antibiotics in aquaculture, the use of dietary immunostimulants has been proposed as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs. In this sense, functional dietary supplements, including pre-, probiotics and yeasts, are receiving increasing attention as an environmental strategy to improve fish health.
 Probiotics are the objects of comprehensive scientific research and an important product on the world market. The use of probiotics as biocontrol agents in aquaculture is increasing. The benefits of such additives include increased nutritional value, inhibition of pathogens and enhanced immune response by increasing white blood cells and phagocytosis. They improve the quality of the growing environment, protect fish from biological hazards, and modulate physiological processes that ultimately contribute to the health and welfare of fish in aquaculture. Probiotics also enhance growth performance and feed utilization in aquatic animals by increasing the activity of digestive enzymes.
 The beneficial effects of prebiotics are due to by-products resulting from the fermentation of intestinal commensal bacteria. Among the many health benefits attributed to prebiotics is the modulation of the immune system. They directly enhance the innate immune response, including activation of phagocytosis, neutrophils, alternative complement system, and increased lysozyme activity.
 Another environmentally friendly product that has been proposed as a dietary supplement is yeasts. Research on yeast products in fish diets has focused on their role in nutritional and functional supplements that contribute to the immune responses and gut health of fish.
 Conclusions. Various studies of pro- and prebiotics in fish have shown the following results: effects on growth, gut microbiota, resistance to pathogenic bacteria and parameters of innate immunity such as alternative complement activity (ACH50), lysozyme activity, natural hemagglutination activity, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase activity and phagocytic activity.All the above studies demonstrate that the addition of nutritional supplements to feed, such as immunostimulants, is an alternative method for the prevention and control of various diseases in aquaculture.

Investigation of the drying process of moist materials under convective heat input conditions

One of the most important tasks of agricultural production is to obtain food products of plant origin, which include grain legumes, vegetables, fruits, etc. Long-term storage of many kinds of plants in their natural form under normal conditions is not possible and requires the use of processing, such as drying. A special niche is occupied by medicinal plants, on the basis of which medicinal preparations, biologically active additives (BAAs), as well as spices for food are produced. Nowadays, out of 100 thousand medicines used in the world medical practice, medicinal preparations made of plants make up more than 30%. In our country the share of such remedies and preparations is about 40%. In addition to natural methods of drying, artificial methods are widely used with the help of special drying units. This requires large amounts of electrical or thermal energy from fuel combustion, as more than 65,000 tonnes of medicinal raw materials are harvested in our country each year. It is not always possible to achieve the required product performance. The use of electric energy seems to be the most preferable, since it eliminates the costs of delivery, storage of solid or liquid fuel, reduces environmental damage, and obtains the necessary properties through “fine” control of the drying technology. Currently, farms and individual farms specialise in growing medicinal plants and supplying medicinal raw materials for homeopathic pharmacies and pharmacological industries. In this regard, improving drying methods and creating small capacity electric drying plants that ensure an efficient technological process and reduce the energy intensity of drying is an urgent task.

Voltammetric and sequential injection amperometric determination of B group vitamins on electrodes modified with binary systems based on oxides of manganese, bismuth and gold

It was found that oxides of manganese (MnOx), bismuth (ВiOx), gold (AuOx), and ВiOx–MnOx and MnOx–AuOx binary systems electrodeposited on the surface of planar carbon electrodes (SPE) exhibited catalytic activity during electrooxidation of thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin in acidic media. Immobilization of the binary systems on the surface of the SPE working electrode allowed to achieve a joint selective voltammetric determination of two-component systems of the vitamins considered: riboflavin and pyridoxine on SPE with BiOx–MnOx (ВiOx–MnOx–SPE) and MnOx–AuOx (MnOx–AuOx–SPE); and riboflavin and thiamine or riboflavin and cyanocobalamin on MnOx–AuOx–SPE. The calibration dependences obtained for the considered vitamins using voltammetry on BiOx–MnOx–SPE and MnOx–AuOx–SPE electrodes were observed in the range from 1×10–6 to 1×10–3 M. Detection limit of thiamine, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin was decreased by an order of magnitude compare to static conditions in a sequential injection system (SI-system). To implement two- and three-component analysis of biologically active additives (BAA) and drugs in the SI-system, the surface of the working electrode modified with MnOx–AuOx binary system was covered with poly-2-vinylpyridine (PVP) or Nafion (Nf) polymer films. SPE with two working electrodes (DSPE) modifies with MnOx–AuOx were used in the two-component analysis of BAA samples. PVP film was deposited on the electrode for thiamine determination and Nf film was deposited on the electrode for pyridoxine determination. Combination of SPE and DSPE with polymer composites containing MnOx–AuOx binary system and PVP or Nf in a two-detector SI-system made it possible to implement a three-component analysis of drugs containing thiamine, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin. Excipients present in them did not interfere with the results of the determination. Application of the proposed SI-system scheme increased selectivity, speed and productivity of the analysis to 540 determinations per hour.

Development of the global pharmaceutical market under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic

The paper examines the peculiarities of development of the global pharmaceutical market under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been proved that pharmaceutics is currently one of the most dynamic and science-intensive sectors of economy in Ukraine and across the world with its development stipulated by a growing demand for pharmaceutical products and the increase in government expenditures for healthcare. The purpose of the presented work is the analysis of development of the global pharmaceutical market under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is established that the growth of the global pharmaceutical market is preconditioned primarily by the following trends: growth in the segment of biologically active additives (BAA) and the generic drug segment; epidemiological and economic changes; growth in demand for medication which is effective in the treatment of diseases previously typical only for the developed countries. An analysis has been conducted with regard to the dynamics of health-care costs over the period of 1995–2020 among three groups of countries: with high / medium / low per capita income. According to the results of the statistic analysis of the foreign trade balance of Ukraine in the period of 2016–2020 it was asserted that within the structure of foreign trade operations the importation of pharmaceutical products significantly exceeds its exportation. Contrary to the global market with its upward trend of growing consumption of medicines, Ukraine manifests fairly modest consumption, mainly stipulated by low purchasing power of the population. A ranking of the leading companies in the Ukrainian market of pharmaceutical products has been established with regard to three indicators: the growth of sales, the Evolution Index, the market share. The paper scrutinizes possible risks in the global pharmaceutical market in consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic: disruption of the global supply chain; deficit of medications for intensive care units and emergent of bottlenecks in their production distribution; decline in demand for prescription medicines. Among the local short-term risks for the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are as follows: a relatively slow recovery of basic macroeconomic indicators; structure of household expenditures; increased fiscal pressure on manufacturers; unstable political and economic situation within the country.

Obtaining and estimating the potential of protein nutraceuticals from highly mineralized collagen-containing beef raw materials

Highly mineralized collagen-containing beef raw materials (tibia, fibula and costal bones) are a source of valuable protein nutraceuticals. They include high molecular weight proteins, oligopeptides and amino acids, which anabolic and physiological potential is used insufficiently. Protein nutraceuticals were obtained by high-temperature hydrolysis of beef raw materials in combination with enzymolysis by proteolytic enzyme preparations Alcalase 2,5 L, Protamex, Protosubtilin G3x. The water-soluble fraction of hydrolysates was studied after its separation and freeze-drying on the content of nitrogenous compounds, fats, minerals, formol-titrated nitrogen, fractional molecular composition. The mathematical dependencies of accumulation of low molecular weight products of protein hydrolysis on enzymolysis duration and doses of different enzyme preparations were obtained. The rational technological scheme of complex processing of beef raw materials with production of protein, fat and mineral-protein additives was proposed. The protein weight fraction in the freeze-dried protein hydrolysates was 69.5–89.6%. All studied protein additives contained peptides with a molecular weight of not more than 100 kDa. The content of low-molecular weight oligopeptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa in the protein additives obtained by enzymatic thermal hydrolysis was more than 90%. The amino acid composition of protein additives produced by different hydrolytic methods was analyzed. Sensory and functional-technological properties of freeze-dried protein compositions were studied. The amino acid potential, high assimilability and physiological activity of protein nutraceuticals from collagen-containing beef raw materials were established. It is recommended to use them in the composition of specialized biologically active additives (BAAs) to food of the osteotropic direction in recipes of specialized and personalized products as a source of amino acids and active peptides.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РЫНКА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ДОБАВОК В РОССИИ

Today, the Russian pharmaceutical market is one of the most actively developing, which is due to the high importance of pharmaceutical products in maintaining and improving the health of the population. At the same time, the market of biologically active additives (BAA), the use of which is aimed at improving health, is among the relatively new directions in this market. The popularity of dietary supplements is due to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and life and the strengthening of opinion about the role of dietary supplements in its maintenance. In the course of the study, the analysis of indicators of the dynamics and structure of sales of dietary supplements in Russia in 2015-2019 was carried out, to identify the main trends and their causes. It has been established that today the BAA market as an integral part of the Russian pharmaceutical market is gradually developing. The change in the foreign policy situation against the background of the conflict with Ukraine led to a recession in all industries, including the pharmaceutical market. However, the negative impact of these events on the market development manifested itself only in 2017-2018. At the same time, by 2019 the total sales in this market are 63.4 million rubles, and in physical terms - 324 million units. In value terms, more than 50% of the sold dietary supplements are imported, however, when studying the situation in kind, it was revealed that more than 80% of the sold packages are domestic. This indicates that domestic products are most popular in the domestic dietary supplement market, which is due to their lower cost compared to imported dietary supplements.

Formulation development and production technology of innovative specialized food product under conditions of agriculture digitization

The article deals with scientifically based specialized food product formulation under conditions of agriculture digitization. It characterizes the formulation components and their synergetic properties in terms of prolonged anti-oxidant body protection. The authors have developed a new skeleton method of innovative food product pelleting, which ensures its long shelf life and its functional components efficacy. The innovative production technology of new pellet-filled capsules allows programmed release of active substances from a tablet skeleton at specific time and in specific order. It also eliminates oxygen exposure, which, along with low moisture content, prevents oxidative and hydrolytic processes. This technology as well as favorable production parameters provides high usability properties of the product and stability of its biologically active ingredients. The authors determined the product nutrition value, which characterizes the product functional properties. These functional properties are confirmed by field studies. Development of a new specialized product formula and its production technology under conditions of agriculture digitization result in a wider range of functional products, a safer, more effective and useful high quality product, intake of which prevents alimentary diseases development and improves both overall health and working capacity. It is important to note that the new product is certified in accordance with the requirements of international standards of the ISO 9001: 2000 series and GMP rules. It also has a sanitary-epidemiological certificate and is included in the Federal BAA (biologically active additives) List. The developed innovative technology has been tested by the enterprises of the company “Artlife” (Tomsk), which ensures its competitiveness and quality stability.

Изучение содержания примеси тяжелых металлов и мышьяка в биологически активных добавках

In the assortment of pharmaceutical organizations, along with registered medicinal products (MP), there is a fairly large number of biologically active additives (BAA). In connection with the huge growth rate of the number of dietary supplements in the pharmaceutical market, testing their quality, efficacy, safety and the development of new research methods in this area is of particular importance. Objective: to determine the content of inorganic impurities (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury) in the selected objects. As a result of studying the assortment of dietary supplements, as well as regulatory documentation, the following objects were selected for the study: Mumie Altai "Balsam of mountains", tablets, manufacturer – LLC "Farm–product", Russia, Barnaul, dietary supplement for food – a source of humic acids, not being a medicine, were obtained through the pharmacy network. Spirulina VEL®, tablets, manufactured by LLC – "V-MIN", Russia, Moscow region, Sergiev Posad, dietary supplement for food – a source of phycocyanins and beta–carotene, not being a medicine, were obtained through the pharmacy network. Materials and methods. For the determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic, the method of atomic absorption spec-trometry was chosen by measuring the absorption of radiation at a certain wavelength corresponding to the element to be determined. To determine mercury, we used an extraction–photometric method based on the formation of a complex compound of mercury (II) –ion with dithizone and measurement of the degree of absorption of non–monochromatic light by the formed complex. Results. The content of lead–ion, cadmium–ion and mercury–ion does not exceed the maximum permissible levels for both samples in accordance with the requirements of both the Technical Regulations and XIV State Pharmacopeia, while the content of arsenic exceeds for the Mumie sample in accordance with the requirements of XIV State Pharmacopeia, but does not exceed according to the requirements of TR CU 021/2011. Conclusion. It was found that the content of heavy metals and arsenic does not exceed the permissible level in accord-ance with the requirements of the Technological Regulations of the Customs Union 021/2011 for both samples. If we compare with the requirements of General Pharmacopoeia Monograph 1.5.3.0009.15 XIV State Pharmacopeia, then there is an excess in the permissible level of arsenic in the Mumie sample.

Experience of using metaprebiotics in the treatment of certain functional gastrointestinal disorders

Introduction. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) occupy one of the leading positions among intestinal pathologies. At present, scientific data indicate the lack of efficiency of existing methods of FGID treatment and the need for further research. This study is devoted to the assessment of the impact of STIM Lax and STIM treatment on clinical manifestations in patients with FC and FD.Aim of the study. Evaluation of the effectiveness of biologically active additives (BAA) STIM and STIM Laks in 39 patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Objectives of the study: to evaluate the effect of the drug on clinical symptoms according to an individual diary and using specialized questionnaires with a score of symptoms before and after treatment.Materials of the research. 39 patients divided into two groups were admitted to the research. Of these, 20 patients were with FC (4 men and 16 women; mean age – 40.3 ± 8.9 years). Monotherapy with STIM Laks was conducted (1 tablet 3 times a day for 30 days), and 19 FD patients (10 men and 9 women; mean age – 36.9 ± 14.1 years). Before and after the course of treatment a carbolene sample was conducted, stool form and frequency, intensity of flatulence, purring, transfusion, abdominal pain were clinically evaluated.Results. Therapy of FС and FD with STIM and STIM Laks effectively reduces the frequency and intensity of clinical symptoms, normalizes the transit time of the carbolene sample, the frequency of stool. Increase of flatulence was observed in 7 (17.9%) patients, its resolution within 1–3 days led to a decrease in the dose of the drug, without affecting the end result.Conclusions. This study indicates a high efficacy and good tolerability of treatment with STIM Laks and STIM in patients with FGID.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF FERMENTED MILK DRINKS FOR NUTRITION ELDERLY PEOPLE

At present, the problem of rational nutrition for the elderly is extremely urgent, since every fourth Ukrainian is a retiree by age. Rationally built nutrition for such people contributes to the better functioning of all important organs and systems, increases the level of the body's protective response to adverse environmental factors. Various ways to improve the product to give it a herodetic orientation are offered. According to the concept of balanced nutrition, the structure of the diet of an aging person and its energy value should be correlated with the functional state of the enzyme systems responsible for the assimilation of food, taking into account the physiological needs of the body for nutrients and energy, according to age and health, which is especially important for seniors and seniors. From the point of view of gerontology and old age hygiene, such trends in society dictate the need for accurate and deep knowledge of aging processes at all levels of biological organization, from molecular to holistic organism in order to develop a nutritional diet that promotes aging, preventing aging lifestyle. The need for rational nutrition of the elderly puts forward the task of creating an assortment of products nutritionally adequate to the specifics of their nutrition, taking into account the most common pathologies. In the production of hereditary products, the most appropriate is the partial replacement of traditional raw materials with non-traditional, the introduction of dietary and biologically-active additives, the use of secondary raw materials and non-traditional vegetable (medicinal plants, berry syrups, vegetable oils). This makes it possible to create balanced for all criteria products for the elderly, whose production takes into account all age characteristics.

Quality of life and cardiovascular risk in women during menopausal transition and postmenopause

The task of active longevity is a priority for world and national health care. One of the resources to ensure the quality of life for aging women is the rationalization of nutrition using biologically active additives (BAA), which include substances that have proven effective in stopping the symptoms that accompany the menopausal transition and early postmenopause. Given the association of vasomotor symptoms with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, it can be assumed that solving the problem of improving the quality of life will positively affect cardiovascular risk. Based on this hypothesis, we set the goal of the study to assess the effect of dietary supplements containing phytoestrogens on the quality of life and markers of cardiovascular risk in women during menopausal transition and postmenopause. An open, controlled study involved women aged 46–58 years who took Estrovel dietary supplement or a vitamin complex without herbal supplements, examined using questionnaires to determine the severity of menopausal complaints, assess mental status, vegetative support, as well as monitor blood pressure, and samples for vegetative providing, analysis of heart rate variability. The results of the study showed that women taking Estrovel dietary supplement to improve the quality of life, in addition to stopping the symptoms of pathological menopause, receive additional benefits in the form of improved psycho-vegetative status and markers of cardiovascular risk with high safety and good tolerance of the method.

Biologically active additives in the 21st century: undenatured type II collagen as an example of good medical practice

The paper deals with an update on biologically active additives (BAAs) and emphasizes their role in normalizing and/or improving the functional status of organs and systems, including the gastrointestinal tract microflora, in reducing the risk of diseases, etc. It gives data on the consumption and turnover of BAAs, definitions and classifications of this group of substances, the basic documents governing the control of their production and promotion in different countries and in Russia. Undenatured type II collagen (UC-II ® ) that is made from the chicken sternal cartilage and is a component of Sustaflex is considered as an example of the BAA that is compliant with good medical practice regulations. The therapeutic properties of UC-II ® have been confirmed in clinical trials. The paper describes the mechanism of action of the BAA, evidence for its efficacy and safety, and the possibility of its administration for the prevention and combination treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its use as an alternative treatment for OA.

Comparison of approaches to chondroprotective therapy based on the analysis of clinical recommendations from different countries

Currently, with osteoarthritis (OA), numerous over-the-counter and prescription drugs are used, as well as biologically active additives (BAA). Significant market share in Russia are: chondroitin sulfate, glycosaminoglycan-peptide complex and Alflutop. The purpose of the article is to compare the clinical recommendations of the professional communities of doctors of the Russian Federation, countries of Europe, Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia on approaches to chondroprotective therapy/SYSADOA for osteoarthritis using the example of chondroitin sulfate, glycosamine glycan-peptide complex and Alflutop. Materials and methods : The analysis included 11 clinical recommendations (guideline) from 2008 to 2019 on the management of patients with OA. Results : The glycosaminoglycan-peptide complex (Rumalon) and Alflutop were recommended by the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), but are not mentioned in the recommendations of several Russian professional communities. In the European recommendations, the glycosaminoglycan-peptide complex and the drug Alflutop are not considered. Chondroitin sulfate to reduce the symptoms of OA is recommended by 5 professional guideline. With the exception of Russian recommendations, the listed professional communities recommend the use of chondroitin sulfate only as a “pharmaceutical quality drug”. Conclusion : It is advisable to agree on Russian recommendations on the use of the drugs in question. At the level of foreign and Russian professional communities, particular attention is required to analysis of data on the use of chondroitin sulfate, taking into account the quality of production, the composition of active substances and bioavailability, the quantitative content of active substances and the quality of substances. It is necessary to systematize the products with a separate assessment of the effectiveness of registered medicines, biologically active additives of pharmaceutical quality and low-quality products with minimal bioavailability.

Разработка рецептуры и технологии получения биологически активной добавки к пище с использованием природных компонентов

The research featured the development of formulae and technologies for the production of biologically active additives (BAA) for functional foods with potential adaptogenic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. Shilajit, a natural mineral-organic substrate, and various plant materials were used as sources of natural biologically active substances (BAS). The relevance of the study comes from the need for more efficient use of natural biologically active compounds, as well as from the need to expand the range of domestic dietary supplements with natural ingredients, which resulted from the current import substitution. Scientific data and experimental studies made it possible to choose advantageous raw materials with BAS and to assess their safety and potential properties. An experiment determined the content of BAS in the raw materials and in the control samples. A compatibility test wasconducted by mixing. As a result, five formulae with various combinations of natural components in the composition were scientifically substantiated. The authors defined the physicochemical and technological properties of the mixtures of dry extracts that determined the choice of technology and the quality of the finished product. The present paper also describes technology of obtaining encapsulated dietary supplements based on dry extracts of medicinal plants and shilajit. The advantage of the technology lies in the use of natural components and special processing methods of BAS preservation. The research included the method of water-activated granulation while 20% ethyl was used as a wetting agent. To obtain the granulate, lactose (Russia) and AEROSIL® 200 Pharma (Evonik Industries, Germany) were used as additive agents. As a result, capsules with a dosage of 700 mg were developed. The BAA can be produced on food and pharmaceutical plants.

Analysis of nosologies and medicines used by the applicants of higher medical education within the framework of self-treatment

Aim. To analyze nosologies and medicines used in self-treatment by the applicants of higher medical education. The research objectives were as follows: to determine which medicines were taken by the respondents with acute respiratory viral infections (ARI); to analyze the drug compliance, in particular when taking antibiotics, by the respondents; to study the issues of the use of analgesics, enzymatic drugs, biologically active additives (BAAs); to find out the list of medications taken by the questioned persons during the last month; to analyze diseases when the respondents take drugs constantly; to identify the factors that frightened the respondents in pharmacotherapy; to study the effect of the drug intake on the quality of life of the population. Materials and methods. The research was performed according to the results of the sociological study involving 400 applicants of education at the pre- and postgraduate levels at the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (LNMU). The primary scientific material obtained through questionnaires was analyzed using statistical, structural and logical methods taking into account the principles of systematization. The calculation of relative values and their errors was carried out in the statistical analysis of the data obtained. The following methods were used: system analysis, sociological survey, statistical, analytical and comparative. Results . The majority of the respondents (56.50 ± 2.48) % systematically takes analgesics, mainly for headache. However, only (4.75 ± 1.06) % the questioned persons always take enzymatic drugs when feeling heaviness in the stomach. The vast majority of the respondents (79.25 ± 2.03) % has never administered BAAs. It was found that the respondents took medicines from the groups of non-narcotic analgesics, vitamins and antispasmodic remedies within the last month. The most frequent reasons why the respondents take medicines regularly are infectious and gastrointestinal diseases. Extremely rarely the respondents take medicines constantly in diseases of the musculoskeletal system and eyes. In (29.75 ± 2.29) % there are cases of combination of alcohol and drugs. The side effects and high costs of medicines are the most often the factors causing concern of the respondents regarding pharmacotherapy. Three times fewer re spondents indicate the absence of drugs in pharmacies; the lack of knowledge of the mechanism of action and interaction with other medicines. In the overwhelming majority (75.50 ± 2.15 %) medicines affected the quality of life by improving health and the working capacity. However, every 7th respondent had side effects of medicines. Conclusions. In our opinion, the results obtained should serve as the basis for developing a comprehensive model of the program of prevention of negative consequences of self-treatment, first of all, among young people.

Changes of indicators of the oxidative status of rats in experimentaltype 2 diabetes and their correction by a selenium-chrome-lipid substances from Chlorella vulgaris Beij

Introduction. Receiving effective medicines of natural origin is of great importance in modern medicine and pharmacy. It is important to investigate the causes of origin and occurrence of type 2diabetes, that leads to the development of complex concomitant diseases and complications in patients’ organism, primarily metabolic and regulatory. One of the most promising ways to achieve a balanced diet and prevent metabolic disorders is to use biologically active additives (BAAs) made on a basis of unicellular algae. In such BAAs, all minerals are of natural origin and are in the bound form of natural complexes with proteins, carbohydrates or lipids.The aim of the study – to assessthe oxidative processes status in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity under the influence of the seleniumchromlipid complex from Chlorella vulgarisBeij.and inorganic compounds of chromium and selenium.Research Methods. The experiment was performed using conventional hydrobiological methods of algae cultivation, separation of lipids from algae biomass by chloroform-methanol mixture using the Folch method, modeling the pathology of streptozotocine induced diabetes mellitus, studying oxidative processes in blood and liver of rats (determination of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity, thiobarbituricacid-reactive substances (TBARS) , diene conjugates and restored glutathione) after the corresponding intragastric administration ofseleniumchromlipid substance that was obtained from chlorella.Results and Discussion. The results of the conducted studies showed a positive effect of seleniumchromlipid substance obtained from chlorella for the simulation of type 2 diabetes on the background of obesity. Under these conditions, the body oxidative status indicators in rats comparing with the indicators in animals with diabetes improved, but remained lower than in healthy animals of control group. The mentioned complex leads to the normalization of a number of metabolism indicators and reduction of intoxication background, which accompanies hyperglycemic pathology.Conclusions. Lipid substances obtained from algae and enriched with trace elements are promising in the prevention and correction of metabolic and regulatory processes. 

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS IN MEN AFTER PREVIOUS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

Study of the efficacy and safety of natural complex multi-component biologically active additives (BAA) to food Spermstrong and Testogenona in the diagnosis and treating 63 men with reproductive disorders after illness, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). During the 12 weeks 41 patients the primary group assigned Spermstrongom combination therapy in combination with Testogenonom, 22 patient control group received only Spermstrong. Immediate treatment results evaluated through 4 weeks and distant through 12 weeks after stopping treatment. It has been established that the appointment of a combination therapy of complex components Spermstrong and Testogenon was statistically significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment. In the main group was marked by a more pronounced positive clinical effect through 12 weeks after treatment in 84.5 % of patients receiving combination therapy (increase the concentration and mobility of spermatozoa to normozoospermii, increase testosterone levels to normal values, improving the quality of erections, improve blood flow in the prostate gland, testes), in the control group who received Spermstrong, the effect is achieved in two times fewer patients, i. e. normozoospermija in 40.9 % have patients. The results confirm that the components of the Spermstrong complexes and Testogenon in combination therapy is effective, safe, have no side effects and can be used in complex treatment of reproductive disorders in men who have STDs, as well as for prophylaxis of incremental sexual glands: prostate, testicules and improve sexual function.